Abstract Paper
| Title | : Next-Generation Biofertilizers: Formulation Technologies and Field Performance |
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| Author(s) | : P. Balaji, R. Yuvaraj, N. Arisankar, M. Suriyan, R. Nisha* |
| Article Information | : Volume 10 - Issue 01 (June - 2026) , 1295-1313 |
| Affiliation(s) | : Department of Microbiology, Sacred Heart College (Autono mous), Tirupattur-635 601, Tamil Nadu, India. |
Abstract :
The significant issue of feeding a worldwide population anticipated to surpass 9.7 billion by 2050 requires a 50-70% enhancement in agricultural production. This imperative is significantly limited by the unsustainable model of chemical fertilization. Synthetic fertilizers have significantly increased agricultural yields since the Green Revolution; however, their prolonged application has led to numerous environmental issues, such as widespread soil degradation, nitrate and phosphate contamination of groundwater, and substantial greenhouse gas emissions. Biofertilizers, which are formulations containing advantageous plant-growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPMs), offer a compelling sustainable option by improving nutrient bioavailability through natural mechanisms and strengthening the plant's inherent immunity. Notwithstanding their potential, the commercial success and widespread adoption of traditional biofertilizers have been persistently hindered by inherent limitations, including inadequate shelf-life, diminished rhizospheric competence, and markedly variable performance across varied field conditions. The recent integration of microbiology and nanotechnology has initiated the development of advanced biofertilizers, providing novel answers to longstanding challenges. This thorough analysis systematically analyzes the sophisticated formulation processes that underpin these novel products, concentrating specifically on nano-encapsulation techniques, polymeric nanocomposites, and carbon-based nanocarriers. We offer a comprehensive investigation of the synthesis, functionalization, and mechanistic effects of these nano-systems in safeguarding microbial inoculants, assuring precise delivery to the rhizosphere, and enabling the regulated release of both bacteria and bioactives. The article consolidates extensive empirical evidence from recent field trials, critically assessing the agronomic effectiveness of bionanofertilizers across various crops, emphasizing yield metrics, nutrient use efficiency (NUE), and improved resilience to abiotic and biotic stresses. The substantial obstacles of scalable production, regulatory ecotoxicology, and economic viability are examined thoroughly. We offer a future-oriented view on the incorporation of these intelligent biological systems into precision agriculture models, delineating a clear trajectory for their essential contribution to creating a productive, resilient, and sustainable global agri-food system.
| Keywords | : Bionanofertilizer, Nano-encapsulation, PGPR (Plant-Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria), Nano-Carriers, Sustained Release, Soil Microbiome, Field Efficacy, Phytostimulation, Microbial Viability, Agro-Nanotechnology. |
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| Document Type | : Research Paper |
| Publication date | : June 16, 2026 |